The application skills of lithium battery packs in remote control devices such as model aircraft are as follows:

1. Charging related tips

- Control the charging current: The charging current must not exceed the maximum charging current specified in the specification sheet, which is generally 0.5-1.0C or less. Charging at a current higher than the recommended one may cause problems with the battery's charging and discharging performance, mechanical performance and safety performance, leading to overheating or leakage. For instance, for the model aircraft batteries sold on the market that charge at 5C current, it is not recommended to frequently use 5C charging to avoid affecting the battery life.

- Control the charging voltage: The charging voltage must not exceed the specified limit voltage (4.2V per single cell), and 4.25V is the maximum limit of the charging voltage for each cell. Direct charging is strictly prohibited; otherwise, it may cause overcharging of the battery cells. The charging parameters of lithium batteries of different specifications vary. For instance, the full charge voltage of a 3.85V high-voltage version battery is 4.35V. If it is charged to 4.35V with a conventional 4.2V battery charger, the battery will be severely overcharged.

- Pay attention to the charging temperature: The battery must be charged within the ambient temperature range specified in the product specification sheet; otherwise, the battery is prone to damage. When the surface temperature of the battery is found to be abnormal, exceeding 50°C, charging should be stopped immediately.

- Avoid reverse charging: Connect the positive and negative terminals of the battery correctly. Reverse charging is strictly prohibited. If the positive and negative terminals are reversed, the battery will not be able to be charged. Moreover, reverse charging will damage the battery and even cause it to overheat, leak and catch fire.

Avoid storing fully charged lithium batteries: Storing highly charged lithium batteries can cause significant damage to the batteries. The dedicated model aircraft battery charger has a storage mode charging method. In this mode, the charger stops charging the battery to around 3.85V, at which point the battery capacity is approximately 30% to 45%. Lithium batteries in this state are suitable for long-term storage. If the model aircraft battery is fully charged and stored, it will bulge due to excessive internal ion activity and its capacity will also be damaged. When capacity damage reaches a certain extent, it will cause the entire battery pack to be unbalanced, and a conventional balancing charger may not be able to fix it.

2. Discharge related skills

- Control the discharge current: The discharge current must not exceed the maximum discharge current specified in the specification sheet. Excessive current discharge will cause a sharp reduction in capacity and overheating and expansion of the battery.

- Pay attention to the discharge temperature: The battery must be discharged within the working temperature range specified in the specification sheet. When the surface temperature of the battery exceeds 70°C, it should be temporarily out of use until the battery cools down to room temperature.

- Prevent over-discharge: Over-discharge can cause battery damage. During discharge, the voltage of a single battery must not be lower than 3.6V. In the application of model aircraft, when the voltage of a single lithium battery is lower than 3.6V, it should be charged.

3. Store relevant skills

- Select storage environment: Batteries should be stored in a cool place. When storing batteries for a long time (more than 3 months), it is recommended to keep them in an environment with a temperature of 10-25 °C and free of corrosive gases. When storing power batteries, they should be kept away from sharp metal objects, placed in a well-ventilated and dry environment, and the stains and debris on the battery surface should be cleaned in advance.

- Regular charging and discharging: During long-term storage, the battery should be charged and discharged once every three months to maintain its activity and ensure that the voltage of each cell is within the range of 3.7 to 3.9V. If the device will not be used for a period of time in the future, it is sufficient to charge the battery to around 3.85V and store it. If the dedicated charger for the battery does not have the charging function in storage mode, a lithium iron phosphate battery charger can be used to charge the battery.

- Prevent short circuits: When not in use, avoid having any metal objects at the socket position. High-rate batteries usually do not have the protection boards of conventional lithium batteries. Short circuits can cause the battery to discharge instantaneously, and the instantaneous discharge current of such high-rate batteries is extremely strong and highly destructive. When transporting batteries, it is best to put each battery in a separate self-sealing bag and place them in an explosion-proof box to prevent the positive and negative terminals of a certain battery from simultaneously touching other conductive substances or breaking the skin and causing a short circuit due to jolting or collision during transportation.

4. Use process-related skills

- Avoid power outages during the flight: From the moment the battery is turned on until the end of the flight, it must not be powered off. Otherwise, it should be fully charged before resuming the flight. For instance, the electronic speed controller automatically cuts off power to remind and protect the battery based on the percentage of the battery voltage. If the receiver is turned off halfway, the protection voltage of the electronic speed controller will change, which may cause the battery to be over-discharged. If power-on debugging is required, the throttle hold can be set for safety.

- Pay attention to the influence of environmental temperature: When there is low-temperature weather in the north or high-altitude areas, if the battery is left outdoors for a long time, its discharge performance will be greatly reduced. At this point, the alarm voltage should be increased. For instance, in a low-temperature environment, the alarm voltage of a single chip can be raised because the voltage drop will be very rapid in such conditions. At the same time, the battery should be insulated. Before takeoff, the battery should be kept in a warm environment, such as in a house, vehicle, or insulation box. During takeoff, the battery should be quickly installed and the flight mission carried out. When flying in low temperatures, the time should be shortened to half of the normal temperature state as much as possible to ensure safe flight. In high-temperature environments, battery performance will significantly decline, and the internal temperature of the battery will continuously rise. Strong exothermic reactions may cause a sudden increase in battery temperature, leading to thermal runaway and causing phenomena such as fire and explosion. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid direct exposure to high temperatures and intense sunlight while charging. Charging in high-temperature environments is strictly prohibited. Do not charge immediately after flying in high temperatures to prevent excessive charging time. The charger is fully charged when it turns green. Do not charge for a long time.

- Handle abnormal situations promptly: Do not use the battery if it emits an odd smell, gets hot, deforms, changes color or shows any other abnormal phenomena. If the battery is in use or charging, it should be immediately removed from the electrical appliance or charger and stopped from being used. Do not use the battery in extremely hot environments, such as direct sunlight or in a car on hot days.